Audience Analysis and Reception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crowd Analysis and Reception - Essay Example Additionally, since the crowd is the administration of the working environment, I should likewise remember that my report ought to be succinct and forthright, since the administration would not have enough to extra time and read a protracted report with more hanky-panky and less genuine substance. The report ought to mirror the general impression of the association. The most significant interesting points while composing a proper report are its tone, structure, and length. Be that as it may, other crowd needs incorporate their age and instructive level. I should not present intricate, specialized data to non-specialized crowd. To really expound, a proper report must contain a few or these auxiliary parts, keeping in see that the administration is going to pass judgment on me based on the report I present to them. I should give legitimate thought to the front issue, the body of the report, and the back issue. The front issue incorporates a little data about the recipient, the official synopsis of the report, the cover sheet, chapter by chapter guide, and arrangements of figures and tables. The body of the report ought to incorporate prologue to the report, the conversation of discoveries and results, and the end. The back issue must contain the index, references, and glossary. This is the way I should arrange my report when I need to introduce it to the administration, keeping in see the requirements of the crowd. It is likewise essential to talk about here the dangers of not considering the audience’s needs. The fundamental hazard is that the administration will think about me as an untrustworthy individual, with no feeling of how to manage seniors. In spite of the fact that the administration definitely knows my instructive and expert foundation, yet they will anticipate that me should substantiate myself after I have become a worker with their association. My general impression as a representative will get crushed in the event that I present a report that is drained of crowd mindfulness. My odds of getting

Compare and Contrast Public Goods Essay Example

Thoroughly analyze Public Goods Essay Example Thoroughly analyze Public Goods Essay Thoroughly analyze Public Goods Essay Thoroughly analyze open merchandise, private products, normal assets, and characteristic imposing business models. An open decent is a decent or administration which is non-excludable, and which has no competition. It is financed through tax collection, and is accessible to all. Its utilization doesn't lessen the sum accessible to other people, and it is accessible even to the individuals who don’t pay for it. A few instances of private merchandise may incorporate national barrier and law implementation. A private decent is a decent or administration which, whenever devoured, may not be accessible to other people. This makes it excludable, and it is generally financed by private firms. Private merchandise are solely made for benefit, and there is competition associated with getting the item or administration. Private merchandise can incorporate dress and food. A typical asset is a decent or administration which gives clients unmistakable advantages. Like open products, these merchandise are non-excludable, yet they are rival. They incorporate things that each individual has an option to utilize, and could likewise remember things for which individuals add to the creation of. This may remember things for which the general population has paid for the creation of through tax assessment. They are products, for example, water and open parks. To the impediment of everybody, abuse of basic assets may prompt devastation of that asset after some time. A characteristic restraining infrastructure happens when an organization has an enormous cost advantage over different rivals in the market. Like private products, a characteristic syndication is elite, yet has no competition. The legislature can manage the regular syndications, which guarantees that individuals are charged a reasonable cost. Service organizations would be viewed as normal restraining infrastructures. Assets http://whcbridge. com/ec7110. html investopedia. com/terms/c/normal asset. asp albany. edu/~aeco110k/day14bw/tsld021. htm http://oregonstate. edu/train/econ201/osman/Lec06/lec6os/tsld018. htm businessdictionary. com/definition/private-great. html businessdictionary. com/definition/open great. html

2012 Hurricane Names

2012 Hurricane Names 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 Underneath you will discover the posting of tropical storm names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2012. For consistently, there is a pre-endorsed rundown of typhoon and tropical storm names. These rundowns have been produced by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. From the outset, the rundowns comprised of just female names; be that as it may, since 1979, the rundowns switch back and forth among male and female. Storms are named one after another in order from the rundown in sequential request. In this manner the principal typhoon or storm of the year has a name that starts with An and the second is given the name that starts with B. The rundowns contain typhoon names that start from A to W, yet bar names that start with a Q or U. There are six records that keep on turning. The rundowns possibly change when there is a tropical storm that is so destroying, the name is resigned and another typhoon name replaces it. As there were no noteworthy tropical storms in 2006, the 2012 typhoon name list is equivalent to the 2006 storm name list. 2012 Hurricane Names AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSandyTonyValerieWilliam Go along with Me on Facebook | Follow Me on Twitter mrgeog

10 Influential Black Designers from Past to Present

February is Black History Month, which gives us an excellent opportunity to learn about and appreciate the cultural contributions and achievements of African-Americans. At Lucidpress, we're passionate about great design and inspiring everyone to create beautiful things. So we're delighted to bring you this list of 10 influential black designers, reaching back to the beginning of the 1900s and continuing up to the present day. Let's dive in! Related: Innovative print design ideas you should know Product Illustrator Charles Dawson We start with Charles Dawson, who was born in 1899. He became well-known in the 1920s-30s for his illustrated advertisements, especially for beauty products and black artists. Unsurprisingly, his journey includes many firsts which paved the way for students after him to pursue their passions. "O Sing A New Song" musical poster In 1907, Dawson was the first black student admitted to the Art Students League in New York. It was a challenging environment where he faced many instances of bias and discrimination. In 1912, he took the summer to work in a buffet car and save tuition for the Art Institute of Chicago, which he observed was "bias-free." An active student, Dawson was involved in several jobs and student organizations. He was a founding member of the Arts and Letters Society, the first black artist collective in Chicago. Dawson started working for Chicago Engravers in 1919 and departed three years later to become a freelance designer. With fellow alumni from the Institute, he established the Chicago Art League, an exhibit group for black artists. Throughout his career, he would break more barriers: In 1927, his Negro in Art Week exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago was the first show of African-American art at a major American museum. In 1934, he was the only black artist with a substantial role in the Century of Progress Fair. His illustrated mural of the Great Migration was displayed by the National Urban League in the Hall of Social Science. For much of the 1930s, Dawson worked for Valmour Products. In 1944, he became the curator for both the Museum of Negro Art Culture and the George Washington Carver Museum, where he served until his retirement in 1951. Learn more about Charles Dawson at AIGA.org. Harlem Renaissance Man Aaron Douglas Aaron Douglas was also born in 1899, but his contributions to the Harlem Renaissance (then called the "New Negro Movement") helped to propel the art style forward. He blended the geometric shapes of Art Deco, the linear rhythm of Art Nouveau, and the rich traditions of African art to create something entirely new. "Aspects of Negro Life" mural Graduating with a BFA from the University of Nebraska in 1922, Douglas taught art in Nebraska and Missouri high schools. In 1924, he moved to New York to apprentice for Winold Reiss. After designing magazine covers for Opportunity, The Crisis, FIRE!!, and Harlem, he became a highly sought-after cover illustrator, especially among black writers. Douglas continued to shape the Harlem community, crafting several murals including the famous Aspects of Negro Life. In 1938, he moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to found the art department at Fisk University—a department he chaired for nearly three decades before retiring in 1966. Learn more about Aaron Douglas at AIGA.org. Ambitious Art Director Leroy Winbush We jump forward a few years to Leroy Winbush, who was born in 1915. His ambition might be summarized best this way: though it took him 11 years to be accepted as the first black member of the Art Directors Club of Chicago, it took him only five more to become its president. Album cover designs Winbush started designing in 1936, merely one year after high school. He apprenticed making signage, murals and flyers. When he joined the sign shop at Goldblatt's department store, he was the only black employee. Seven years later, he was the company's Art Director, overseeing a staff of 60 people. In 1945, he founded Winbush Associates, his own design firm. Colleagues say he split his day between art-directing for Consolidated Manufacturing Company and for Johnson Publishing (Ebony, Jet). His career spanned many highlights: In 1959, he was the chairman for the International Design Conference in Aspen. In 1964, he helped design Illinois' exhibit for the World's Fair, including an animatronic Abe Lincoln that became the prototype for Disney's Hall of Presidents. In 1985, he helped design an underwater coral reef in the Living Seas pavilion at EPCOT. Winbush also gave back to his community through education. Despite having no formal education himself, he taught visual communication at School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He also developed a long-term exhibit about sickle-cell anemia for Chicago's Museum of Science. Learn more about Leroy Winbush at AIGA.org. Ad-man turned Artist Thomas Miller Thomas Miller was born in 1920. When he graduated from the Ray-Vogue College of Design in 1950, he was the institution's only black student. Soon afterwards, he was one of two to be accepted into the Society of Typographic Art. Founder's mosaic at DuSable Museum of African American History Miller enjoyed decades as a successful commercial designer. After working for Gerstel/Loeff, he joined the international design firm Morton Goldsholl Associates, where he worked for 35 years on large ad campaigns, such as 7-Up's major redesign in the 1970s. When he wasn't working, Miller still followed his own artistic passions, creating oil paintings and monotypes in his signature style. One of his most well-known projects can be seen today in the DuSable Museum of African American History: he created mosaic portraits of the museum's eight founders. Learn more about Thomas Miller at The History Makers and Wikipedia. Pioneering Ad-man Emmett McBain A graduate of the Illinois Institute of Technology, Emmett McBain (born in 1935) also studied at the Ray-Vogue College of Design as well as the American Academy of Art. He became a designer for Vince Cullers and Associates, the first black-owned ad agency. But that wouldn't be the last time he was a pioneer in African-American advertising. "What Color is Black?" poem advertisement McBain enjoyed a varied design career, from being Playboy's promotional art director to designing album covers for Mercury Records. He worked for J. Walter Thompson and Associates, where he took part in Ford's 1964 campaign to introduce the Mustang. In 1971, McBain partnered with Tom Burrell to form Burrell McBain Inc. This ad agency pioneered advertising to African-American markets and introduced corporations to the concept that "black people are not dark-skinned white people." Their campaigns recognized and emphasized the demographic and cultural differences that had been previously ignored in mass media. Though the agency is still around today as Burrell Communications Group, McBain left in 1974 to pursue art and support black artistry. Learn more about Emmett McBain in this NewCity article. Pentel Provocateur Archie Boston In one of his most famous ads, Archie Boston leans over a table of pens and eyes the camera. "I told Pentel what to do with their pens," the headline declares. "And they did it." It's a single example plucked from Boston's long career of self-aware, provocative work. Pentel packaging designs Born in 1943, Boston attended Chouinard Art Institute (later called CalArts) in 1961—and nearly dropped out to take a job in advertising. Instead, he took an internship at Carson/Roberts during his senior year. After working with his brother Brad on a variety of projects, the two founded Boston Boston design in 1967. They never shied away from race in their work, opting instead to acknowledge it directly and challenge audiences to rethink their assumptions and prejudices. In 1969, Archie joined Botsford Constantine and McCarthy for eight years. During his time there, he also founded Archie Boston Graphic Design and began taking clients in 1973. Later he became the first black president of the Los Angeles Art Directors Club. From his 20s onward, Archie has been a teacher. He started at Chouinard, and currently he's a professor at California State University Long Beach (CSULB), where he's taught for nearly 40 years. Learn more about Archie Boston at AIGA.org. Project Powerhouse Sylvia Harris The first female designer on our list, Sylvia Harris was born in 1953. She earned her BFA in communication arts and design from Virginia Commonwealth University, and her MFA in graphic design from Yale University. Exhibit design for The Women's Museum Harris spent much of her career in the public sector, planning and improving the communities around her. She started as a designer for WGBH, Boston's public TV station. From there she moved on to The Architects Collaborative (TAC) headed by Walter Gropius, and then the prestigious Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM). It was at SOM that Harris got involved in environmental urban planning; her clients there included the Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority and the U.S. Department of Transportation. In 1980, along with two partners, Harris founded Two Twelve Associates, a graphic design consulting firm. She worked on projects for many clients, including the New York State Council of the Arts, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and the Central Park Zoo. She also taught design students at Purchase College State University and at Yale. Learn more about Sylvia Harris at AIGA.org. Typography Titan Gail Anderson Gail Anderson was born in 1962 and studied at the School of Visual Arts in New York. The art of words and letters have played a major role in her design career, starting from the beginning when she worked at Vintage Books and The Boston Globe Sunday Magazine. As an expert in conceptual typography, she works with all sorts of materials—traditional and non-traditional—to create eclectic expressions of style. "New Vintage Type" book cover Anderson was an impressive fixture at Rolling Stone Magazine for 15 years. Starting as an associate in 1987, she rose to become its Senior Art Director before departing in 2002. From there, she joined SpotCo, one of New York's largest entertainment design agencies. Again, she rose to the top to become its Creative Director before departing in 2010. Residents of New York City are likely familiar with Anderson's work without even realizing it. Her poster designs for Broadway and off-Broadway plays have been hung all around the city and featured in outdoor transit advertising. Currently, Anderson is a partner at Anderson Newton Design with Joe Newton. She's also a faculty member at the School of Visual Arts, and she's co-published several books on typography and graphic design. Learn more about Gail Anderson at AIGA.org. Digital Designer Eddie Opara Born in England in 1972, Eddie Opara studied at the London College of Printing and at Yale University. After earning his MFA in 1997, he moved to New York City to work for Imaginary Forces. Infographic about infographics for Fast Co. It wasn't too long after that when Opara became the Art Director for 2 x 4, the influential design studio. In 2005, he founded his own interactive design studio, The Map Office, in New York and began work for clients such as the Studio Museum in Harlem, the Architecture Research Office, the Queen Museum of Art, and New York University. In 2010, Opara joined Pentagram as a partner. Opara's work sits at the intersection of design and technology. He has earned numerous awards in his career, including a Gold Cube from the Art Directors Club. His work is the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). In 2012 and 2014, he was named one of Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People in Business. Today, he's also a senior critic at Yale. Learn more about Eddie Opara at Famous Graphic Designers. Culture Celebrator Michele Washington Rounding out our list today is Michele Washington, who studied at the School of Visual Arts and Brooklyn's Pratt Institute before working for Vogue Butterick Patterns. Her career in media is wide-ranging, from newspaper design at the Chicago Tribune and The New York Times to editorial art direction at Essence and Self magazines. Mausam product packaging designs Washington has taught a grad-level exhibition class at New York's Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT). She founded and leads her own design firm, Washington Design, in Brooklyn's DUMBO neighborhood. Today she also provides creative direction for Cox Matthews Associates and user research for Cerebral Design. Multi-cultural influences abound in Washington's work, as her colorful designs often incorporate language, patterns, and textures from many cultures around the world. One example is the bright and earthy product packaging for her line of natural home body products. Many of her design influences are featured in articles she's written for her website, CulturalBoundaries.com. Learn more about Michele Washington at AIGA.org. This is only a handful of the incredible black designers who've shaped our visual culture and continue to influence it today. It's important to recognize not only their talent but their determination to overcome any obstacles and pave the way for future designers. Major thanks to the AIGA for being an invaluable resource in researching this post. If you enjoyed it, please share it with your friends and followers! Like this post? Share it on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ or LinkedIn.

The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1817 Words

Throughout history, one recurring theme has been the harsh judgement of society against those who stand out. Although in certain periods and different societies, public shaming seems to have been more severe, it is, in all actuality, equally cruel today, yet in different forms. Despite this, keeping one s sins a secret and away from societal judgement seems to have more of a negative effect on oneself, often causing poor mental and physical health, than confessing and facing consequences. In The Scarlet Letter, author, Nathaniel Hawthorne explores how one is affected, both physically and mentally, when his/her appearance doesn t match his/her reality through the main characters of the novel, Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. In their 1600 s Puritan society, Hawthorne depicts the differences between Hester and Dimmesdale’s public versus private shaming for their committed sin of adultery, reflected through how both forms of ignominy affect their characters mental and physica l health. Although Hester and Dimmesdale are the main characters that struggle with the difficulty of their appearance matching their reality, there are others that contribute to their conflicts. These characters are known as Pearl, Hester’s daughter who is being portrayed as â€Å"God’s messenger† to teach her to be her true self, and Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s long lost husband who torments Dimmesdale, also teaching him to be his true self by challenging him confess his sin throughout the novel. InShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Analysis of Summer of the Seventeenth Doll - 1483 Words

Summer of the Seventeenth Doll, by Ray Lawler was a ‘bottling’ performance. A highly effective use of lighting, set design, props and additional sensory stimulus; were powerful tools in creating a realistic production. The skilful use of the elements of drama; human context; language, movement, mood and dramatic tension, enabled the audience to relate to the characters and plot. The development of sub-plots also added to the creation of a realistic performance, by mirroring the human condition. Through the effective use of these dramatic techniques; Neil Armfield was successful in creating a realistic portrayal of Ray Lawler’s Summer of the Seventeenth Doll. The 1950’s style setting created on stage, using the set design, props and†¦show more content†¦Olive and Pearl had a somewhat odd friendship at the beginning of the play, Olive tried desperately to make her standard of life seem fit to the much more classy Pearl. However as their situations unfold, it is made clear that much of this ‘class’ in Pearl is surface level only. We learn her husband has left her and she has a problem daughter. After learning this Olive seems to warm much more easily to Pearl, possibly reflecting Olive’s insecurity around people of a higher class. Neil Armfield was highly successful in implementing the elements of drama, especially those of movement, mood, language and tension. All characters within Summer of the Seventeenth Doll created realistic mood to portray their respective characters. As the summer progressed, the mood changed dramatically, from the bubbly highs of the first meeting, demonstrated mainly by Olive’s nervous excitement in the moments before the arrival of Roo and Barney; to the depressive goodbye demonstrated again by Olive when she clears the entire house. When juxtaposed to the mood of the previous sixteen summers, the audience was able to see from the beginning that this summer was going to be different; through strong use of mood it was clear that this would be the last of the summers. While movement was in the most part realistic, the actors did lapse in this area occasionally; this was most evident in the fight scene between Roo and Barney. However the most

The Neolithic Revolution free essay sample

The Neolithic Revolution One of the biggest turning points in history was the Neolithic Revolution. This was the transition from the Paleolithic period of history to the Neolithic period. The major point was the agricultural part. This made it possible for villages to be built. Because of that, people stopped being nomads. This was the biggest point of the Neolithic Revolution. Before the Neolithic Revolution, people were nomadic and moved around from place to place following food. Their source of food was hunting and gathering. The Neolithic Revolution started with the beginning of farming. Also with the domestication of animals. Something else that changed with the Neolithic Revolution was the art. Neolithic art became bigger, and pottery became more common. Clothing also changed. It was detailed with beads during the Neolithic period. Also, the tools became more advanced. For example, tools became sharper and smoother. They also developed hand axes and spears. Also, both of these revolutions lasted for long periods of time. The Neolithic Revolution lasted for thousands of years and the Industrial Revolution lasted for only hundreds of years. These revolutions also have similarities within their economy. Both of their economies were strengthened at some point in the revolution. Also, during both these revolutions people migrated to more populates areas. The people in the Neolithic Revolution migrated to villages and the people of the Industrial Revolution moved to cities in the suburbs. The Industrial Revolution also had some negative aspects, as did the Neolithic Revolution. Throughout the uprising, disease spread because the people are not moving from town to town as much and moving around. People were also beginning to be taken for granted now that they were settled in to one area. Both groups of people experienced pollution within their cities and villages and had overcrowding of garbage from the food and factories. These revolutions not only changed the economy, social ideas, and standard of living, but they both changed the way of life for their people and for the people to come. The smallest inventions that were created during the Neolithic Revolution, to the large machinery invented in the Industrial Revolution changed the way people live in present time. Although these two events have many similarities, they also have significant differences. The population was dramatically increased during the Neolithic Revolution, but during the Industrial Revolution, the population began a steady decline. During the Neolithic Revolution, many hand tools and metal tools were created to make life easier for the people of the time. During the Industrial Revolution machines were created to give people easier ways to produce items and to again: make life simpler. When the Neolithic Revolution began, most people hunted and gathered, but as time went on people started to use a new farming method. This made peoples hours of working much less and they had a lot of â€Å"idle periods. † The Industrial Revolution changed the people of their time from farming in the rural region, and moved them to cities to start working in factories. This contrasts to the Neolithic revolution because the hours of work ranged from ten to even seventeen hours of work. There was also fierce completion for jobs, the conditions were awful and the pay was not up to par in the Industrial Revolution. The crime rate was also very high within these cities, and the little bit of their money was so important to keep a family healthy. Although the economy changed within both societies, the Neolithic financial system was far better. People were able to afford to build homes; while people in the Industrial Revolution were so poor they had to live in tenants. Each revolution also had small advancements that made huge differences within their society. During the Neolithic Revolution, woven baskets were created to hold crops so that they could carry them from place to place. An advancement made in the Industrial Revolution was that by the late 1800’s the transportation and communication was improved, so people could get to work easier and they would contact people easily even if they lived farther away. The long term effects also differ for each revolution. The Neolithic Revolution mainly gave humans more control over their food supply, because they were able to stay in one spot and grow food other than being on the move to find food. The effects of the Industrial Revolution include increased military power, domination of Western countries, and population growth rate within their people and in the west. Also, Western civilization spreads along with weapons, transportation and communication ideas. The Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, though far in time, not only contain similar thoughts, but they also show many different ideas of living and social aspects. These Revolutions compared to each other show that no matter how little an idea may be, or how little a thought may start out, everything contributes to modern day society and the things we have today. Each idea and invention made from the days of the Neolithic Revolution helped to lead up to the Industrial Revolution, which helped to lead to our modern day society.

Marxism Essays - Economic Ideologies, Marxist Theory, Socialism

Marxism Marx as Modern Marx's theoretical work is the understanding of the nature of human beings and how they have constructed their historical world. Marx is considered a modernist because his views and theories fit the meaning of Modernity, which are human freedom and the right to free choice. To Marx, Capitalism is a barrier to the notion of human freedom and choice. Five aspects of his political theory which are modern is how he views human nature, effects of Capitalism on human natures with emphasis on significance of labor, class struggles within Capitalism, the demise of Capitalism and the need for the transition to Communism. Marx belief of human nature is that it changes over time; it is historical and dynamic. In understanding human nature, it is important to understand what part labor plays in human nature. ?To be Human is to labor,? (88) therefore Marx believes that Humans work in the world with other Humans in exchange with nature to get what they desire. Thus since human nature is dynamic so are humans' wants and desires. In order to achieve one's wants and desires one must labor with others around them and with nature. Since labor is the activity of a group, the ever-changing world created through the labor of those groups also creates the humans themselves and directly affects them. Through labor, humanity creates and is responsible for the world that they live in. Marx suggests that Capitalism leads to the centralization and concentration of living spaces of where people lives, means of production, monopolies and the distribution of more power to the bourgeoisie. The success of Capitalism is directly connected to capital and wage labor. Capitalism's goal is to increase profits called accumulation; profits then reinvested else where to make more capital. ? . . . like the buying and selling of an object in the capitalist market, but in this case the exchange is money for the ability of labor, what Marx calls labor power.? (xxv) Capitalism flourishes by extracting surplus value, or profit, from the commodities produced by the working class. Without capitals and profits there are obviously no wages and a place to do any type of labor power; and without wage labor capital can not increase itself. Both are dependent on each other for the flourishing of Capitalism. Capitalism is a form of life that does not do justice to human abilities and capacitie s; it is a division from basic powers to humans and the exploitations of human workers. Workers are forced to sell their labor power to capitalists and capitalists have no choice but are forced to exploit labor to gain capital; therefore the laborers are commodities themselves in the capitalist market. As the result of Capitalism, labor has been under admonition and oppression. Instead of picturing the world as it is, Capitalism pictures the world in a distorted view. A view that leads to the alienation of the true is meaning of human nature. The view that places the products of laborers more important than the laborers themselves; thus the laborers are objectified. Laborers then do not realize that they are the ones who are in control of product that they produce. ?Alienated labor hence turns the species-existence of man, and also nature as his mental species capacity, into an existence alien to him, into the means of his individual existence.? (64) The distorted view leads to the miscognition of self of the working class who are cut off from their essential powers. They fail to realize that the world is of their own making and that they have the ability to create and recreate the world in which that they live in. Marx's theory of privileging of economic matters places an emphasis on class struggles that are related to the forces of production as well as the relations of productions. Economics is the production of the exchange of goods and services through labor arrangements. In every society there is a way to distribute goods and services called a mode of production. The mode of production is the combination of the forces of productions; like raw materials, technology or labor forces; and the relations of productions or the relationship among human beings related to

Christmas Poetry That Summons the Yule Spirit

Christmas Poetry That Summons the Yule Spirit For many people, Christmas poetry plays a major role in the celebration of the holiday. Some famous Christmas poems are popular works devoted to the yuletide- none more prominent than A Visit From St. Nicholas, often called The Night Before Christmas- while others are parts of poetic works that honor the holiday and often embellish greeting cards and other seasonal messages. These  pieces lend the spell of Christmas to the season, recalling lost magic and adding subtle touches of beauty and romance to the holiday ambiance: A Visit From St. Nicholas, Clement C. Moore Despite controversy over the provenance of A Visit From St. Nicholas, it is widely believed that professor Clement C. Moore was the author.  The poem was first published anonymously in the  Troy (New York)  Sentinel  on Dec. 23, 1823, though Moore later claimed authorship. The poem famously starts: Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the houseNot a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. This poem and cartoonist Thomas Nasts images of a rotund Santa beginning with an 1863 Harpers Weekly magazine cover are largely responsible for our image of St. Nick: He had a broad face and a little round belly,That shook when he laughed, like a bowlful of jelly.He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,And I laughed when I saw him, in spite of myself For a spin on the holiday tradition, you might enjoy Cajun Night Before Christmas, especially if youre an aficionado of southern Louisiana culture: Twas the night before Christmas An all tru de house Dey dont a ting pass Not even a mouse. De chirren been nezzle Good snug on de flo An Mama pass de pepper Tru de crack on de do. Marmion: A Christmas Poem, Sir Walter Scott Scottish poet Sir Walter Scott was well known for his narrative style of poetry. His most famous work is  Lay of the Last Minstrel. This extract is from another of his best-known poems, Marmion: A Christmas Poem, written in 1808. Scott was famous for vibrant storytelling, imagery, and detail in his poems: Heap on the wood!The wind is chill;But let it whistle as it will,Well keep our Christmas merry still. Loves Labours Lost, William Shakespeare These lines from Shakespeares play are spoken by Lord Berowne, a noble who attends to the king. Though it wasnt written as a Christmas poem, these lines are often used to add a seasonal touch to Christmas cards, greetings, and social media status updates: At Christmas I no more desire a rose,Than wish a snow in Mays new-fangled shows;But like of each thing that in season grows. Love Came Down at Christmas, Christina Rossetti Christina Rossettis Love Came Down at Christmas, which has a lyrical, melodious beauty, was published in 1885. Rossetti, who was Italian, was famous for her romantic and devotional poems, and her views about Christmas bore an Italian influence: Love came down at Christmas;Love all lovely, love divine;Love was born at Christmas,Stars and angels gave the sign. Christmas Bells, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was one of the most revered American poets. His poem Christmas Bells is a deeply touching work written soon after his beloved son Charley was seriously wounded fighting in the Civil War. Having already lost his wife in a freak fire accident, Longfellow was a broken man. His words come from the depth of sadness: I heard the bells on Christmas DayTheir old, familiar carols play,And wild and sweet the words repeatOf peace on Earth, good-will to men!

An Analytical report over Strategic planning for GigaSoft Pvt. Ltd Essay

An Analytical report over Strategic planning for GigaSoft Pvt. Ltd - Essay Example Modern day software market has multiple requirements along with essential factors like smooth user interface, quick and clear functionality, market sustainability and compatibility with other platforms and devices. Thus, Software market is becoming more and more specific onwards. The competition arises only between software that offer similar utilities and functionality. For a very ground example of word processor, before 2005 Microsoft Word had been a ruling word processors for all types of writing requirements such as letters, drafts, reports, stories, forms, graphic patterns, papers etc. However, taking a look of current word processing market, it is quite significant that every one of those patters have different specific software offering numerous specific utilities. There are options like Open Office, Word perfect, Adobe Story, PDF software, CeltX. Some of them like CeltX offer their services on I-phone and Android devices while Open Office offers a very small size as compared to Microsoft Word and is much easily portable. There are also online word processors like Office Web apps and Google docs which offer a facility of secure cloud storage free of data loss concerns. Accordingly, soft ware marketing and management is synchronized with user demands. While working on numerous word-processing and document management software GigaSoft faced a failure in competing with existing word-processors. Recent replacement strategies of development and marketing have shown unwanted lacking in providing full functionality over all supportive platforms. Also, there is tracked some inefficiency in coping with small gadgets and newly introduced platforms. Some frequent crashes due to the incompatibility with recent market demands are also noticed. Those indicative factors have incorporated a lack of proper management. Hence, an immediate strategic planning for upcoming management strategies is required to be generated and applied. Identifying the faults and loopholes Looking at the recent data sheets and amendments made by GigaSoft corporation. There are seen some specifically lower graphs after the new adjustment for current marketing strategies which involve developing the software over various platforms other than earlier Microsoft platforms. GigaSoft is using waterfall method for production while the twist in the company’s strategy had proved out to be unproductive. It is essential to first analyze the reasons for difficulties before going for a new structure (Gouws & Gouws, 2004). Some noticed reasons for the failure in marketing strategy hold: Drifting away from the most popular platform, which makes the products incompatible for many formats and devices. Failing in synchronizing with the modern devices which require an essential coordination with popular devices other than Windows PCs and Laptops. Failing in development of multi-operative software products Violating the norms of cost-effectiveness by misreading the market graphs, As those reasons are end-results of a long time malfunction in management and planning, basic structure of the company must provide some focus for what errors of management led to those ends. A lack of synchronization in finance, engineering and marketing streams led to produce over costly products. A lack of

PM 3G should launch this year (internationl businese) Article

PM 3G should launch this year (internationl businese) - Article Example It has not been introduced in some countries because of the initial cost of setup. These 3G machines are very expensive and also, licensing fees for its provision is really high. In Thailand's case, though, licensing wouldn't be as expensive as other countries and Thailand's Prime Minister seems to be concerned about the notion of the existence of 3G technology in Thailand. Furthermore, the world is moving towards technological change and it is no more an environment to sit back and relax. Companies and countries alike have to act and adapt quickly, otherwise they fall behind economically and in other world affairs. In a very short time from now, we would move into the age of 4G or something similar, but more advanced than 3G. 3G has hit the market few years ago and engineers are continuously working to develop more sophisticated and advanced technology. This is the time to make money. These days, product life cycles are very short and based on my knowledge, 3G technology would be replaced soon. Look at the example of the U.S. The U.S. telecommunications' providers have capitalized on the opportunity and offered the 3G mobile broadband at sufficiently high prices to match demand. Now, the demand for 3G mobile broadband has gone down a bit, so the providers are offering good deals and discounts to make use of the few remaining days of the current techno logy.

Infosys Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Infosys Case Analysis Essay ? Case analysis infosys document structure We have approached the case by first analyzing the identified issues, and then associate root causes to those issues. Further to it we have used two frameworks, â€Å"Web of Change† and â€Å"Hewitt Best Employer Characteristics†, to theoretically assess the weaknesses in Infosys Human Resource and Change Management policies. These frameworks can be used by organizations to better plan their change management and human resource management initiatives. We have used â€Å"Hewitt’s Best Employer Survey†, to identify the key initiatives which Infosys should undertake to enable it to reach its target of â€Å"Best Employer† by 2011. Further to it we believe that â€Å"Best Employer† and â€Å"Best Performer† are complementary goals, and it’s difficult to achieve one without the other, and hence we have identified the key initiatives which can help Infosys to achieve â€Å"Best Performer† target without compromising on its â€Å"Best Employer† objective. about infosys Infosys is the second largest Indian IT software services company. Infosys has reached pinnacles of success in short span of 20 years, through innovative business strategies and human resource practices. Currently it is facing challenges around balancing between business growth and employee satisfaction. About its business Model Infosys delivers IT services to its clients globally in a model called GDM (Global Delivery Model). The main characteristic of this model is that it decouples client location and project execution. Project is executed in locations which provide best combination of cost and talent. Project teams are spread across client site and offshore development centers in countries like India, China, and Mexico etc which provide rich availability of talent at competitive cost. Usually teams at client site document requirements and manage client relationship and offshore team manages delivery. This is a human resource intensive industry and the challenge is exacerbated by the fact that most of the resources are highly skilled professionals (engineers, MBAs, computer scientists etc). Being an industry where human resource is your only asset and your only competitive advantage, managing, ssues and Root Cause analysis In this section we’ll analyze the issues identified in the case and will attempt to identify root causes which led to employee dissatisfaction. After our analysis we believe that issues mentioned in the case is symptomatic of gaps in general principles of leadership, change management and HRM. Policies are not written in blood and stone, and they change ov er the lifetime of organizations. What should not change are basic organizations principles around human resource management. Our assessment is that policy changes in Infosys were reflective of external environment and business imperatives. However, diverging from the basic principles of Change management, leadership, communication and employee development in implementing new policies is what led to its fall in Best Employer ratings. â€Å"Stock Options started lacking luster to the new employees and created equity imbalance among employees† Stakeholders involved New Employees Discontentment Impact Inequity of income/wealth effect in the company which created tension between employees. New employees who had seen Infosys from outside as an organization committed to fairness, equity, and employee wealth creation got disenchanted. Root Cause Failure to Manage Expectations This issue primarily arose because of incorrect expectation setting of new employees. Infosys kept on using stock options and the millionaires’ stories as branding activity, even when stock options were no more an incentive to new recruits. Company should have made it very clear about its new compensation philosophy when it discontinued ESOPS. 1. Managing scale and attrition risk Stakeholders involved Employees Managers Discontentment Impact Infosys was growing at a speed where it was doubling its organizational strength every 1-2 years. However organization was plagued by high attrition rate. Employees felt lack of motivation, due to repetitive process tasks, which the business model demanded. Due to high growth, a lot of employees moved up the managerial ladder, but lacked proper training and orientation and hence couldn’t connect to employees Root Cause Lack of Employee fulfillment ( from the job ) Detached Lleaderships To stress on the need for the above two, we’ll give two examples from Indian public sector. Indian Railways Indian railways has recently transformed itself into a highly profitable organization, and according to the officer on special with Railways, single most critical factor which contributed to this success is involvement and commitment of employees of railways despite having a poor compensation structure. Employees of Indian railways take great pride in their work, since they believe they are contributing to the running of the country’s biggest infrastructure and are responsible for transporting of 2 crore customers every days. This association with organizational goal and pride in your organization is what makes an organization for perpetuity. Due to changing business needs, Iinfosys couldn’t connect to its employees in motivating them. Indian Army A unit commander in the army is able to inspire its soldiers to give up their life, compensation etc notwithstanding. The only reasons soldiers are so committed, is their immediate leader. It depends on the unit commander’s ability to connect to his soldiers, motivate them and show a genuine concern for their wellbeing, is what motivates the soldiers to do the unthinkable for their leader. According to research in human resources field, people leave managers and not companies. The leadership skills of managers are the greatest source of employee fulfillment at work. Lack of engagement and commitment of managers towards their subordinates, was probably the single biggest reason for high attrition rate at Infosys. 2. Strong formalization and process orientation, which came as part of growth, took away bandwidth to innovate from employees. Stakeholders involved Employees Discontentment Impact Employees who were used to getting the thrill and satisfaction from using their skill on technical challenges were feeling cocooned because of new process driven and re-use methodology. Similar impact was observed in people policy issues. All personal policies were getting more and more formalized. Root Cause Lack of employee Motivation Resistance to change One of the basic principles of organization design is that you don’t use strong formalization from highly skilled agents (employees). Formalization is for low skilled repeatable tasks. Infosys should have come up with business models aimed at high end, value added services much earlier. This would have kept its inherent talent not only motivated but better utilized for higher margins. In 1990s moving away from body shopping to GDM provide this opportunity, but in early to middle 2000s, Iinfosys couldn’t reinvent itself. Formalization in organizational policies when it grows out from entrepreneurial stage is inevitable. It’s actually needed to ensure consistent implementation of policies and create a sense of equity and fairness among employee. Dissatisfaction on this front could be attributed to resistance to change, and hence effective change management principles should be employed for disruptive changes. 3. Introduction of variable pay Stakeholders involved Employees Senior Management HR Department Discontentment Impact Variable pay was received with a lot of skepticism by the employees, fearing that it was introduced to reduce their compensation Root Cause/s Change Management Failure Lack of Leadership engagement Communication Failure This was probably one of the most disruptive changes introduced by Infosys. The amount of skepticism and distrust displayed by employees was a first in Infosys. Immediate reaction of employees was that this policy has been introduced to cut employee costs to satisfy shareholders demand for higher and higher profitability. The fact that a vast majority of senior management were shareholders in the company added to employee distrust. There was no clarity among employees how this policy will pan out. A lot of employees were not comfortable in linking their performance to factors outside their control (market conditions, decision taken by management etc). Also since the amount of variable component was high (more than 50% for project managers and above), employees could not understand how much their monthly take home were. This is a classic case of failure in change management and involvement of leadership at every level. Infosys data on variable payout shows that most of the time company has delivered 100% payout and even higher percentage to high performers. So employee skepticism bore from lack of clarity and communication on this policy. Lack of clarity, communication and involvement of employees was to such an extent that even middle management was taken by surprise by this policy. Many managers, who couldn’t appreciate the policy implementation, were reluctant in communicating the changes to the employees. For an employee first point of contact for clarification is his/her immediate line manager, hence it’s important to fully equip leadership at every level with information. To understand the role what leadership plays in motivating, retaining employees, we should look at armed forces. Unit commanders are able to motivate their employees to give their life, despite the fact that compensation package of soldiers is one of the lowest. This commitment in subordinates comes because of total commitment of their leader in engaging with them and motivating with them. Immediate line managers are the biggest reason employees leave an organization and are also the main reason employees go beyond their capabilities to outperform. 4. Retaining Organizational Culture with fast track growth Stakeholders involved HR Department Employees Discontentment Impact Due to business growth imperatives, and its business model, Infosys was doubling its employee strength every 1-2 years. To accommodate this type of growth, it had to lower its hiring standards and quality and culture was a victim of this. Root Cause/s Lack of Employee on boarding ( orientation) planning This issue had an impact on multiple facets. It led to a feeling disenchantment in existing employees, as they felt their brand equity in the market was getting diluted. New employees, who were not able to appreciate infosys inherent culture, didn’t felt comfortable and had a feeling that the organization is biased toward old employees. Root cause of this issue was that although organization had changed its selection criteria, it didn’t change its employee orientation strategy, or training methodology. Infosys should have changed its orientation program to be more customized offering for similar group of employees and using existing employees as mentor to help develop organizational culture and values in new employees. Similarly if you are hiring for quantity and not quality, it should have modified its training plan to be more exhaustive. 5. Broad Banding and promotions Stakeholders involved Employees Discontentment Impact Lack of faith in the organization Chaos and confusion in employees minds Root Cause/s Change Management Communication Leadership This policy again created a lot of employee discomfort since they didn’t knew the details of change. It’s again a classic change management failure. Although the policy was designed to bring more clarity in role structure and bring equity amongst similar roles, across the organization, poor communications created fear and scientism in minds of people. We can observe from the reinvention of Indian Railways, one of the reasons organization could progress on the growth trajectory, was employee commitment to the cause of Indian Railways, despite of low compensation. Employees felt proud to be part of the world’s biggest railways and were motivated to excel. Some of the senior managers lacked clarity about policies, hence they were apprehensive of clarifying the policy. This shows a major organizational failure in terms of change management and engagement of leadership with people. Similarly as discussed above, since employee appraisal parameters were not clearly defined, an employee could not appreciate how his/her appraisal going to impact promotions? Web Of Change – Change Management Framework To do substantiate our above understanding of issues at Iinfosys, we used â€Å"Web of Change†, a change management framework to understand the change management issues at Infosys. â€Å"Web of change: is the framework proposed by Stephen Thomas. This model defines 8 change elements as shown below and the web of change helps us to see how the values of each element changed during the Organization Change process in Infosys. The baseline score is the value of the Change elements in Infosys during the glory years of 1990’s and the re-assessment scores the value of the same change elements in the 2000’s when Infosys was going through the â€Å"Growth pangs†.

Competitive Sports at an Early Age :: essays research papers

Name Subject Date Should Children Participate in Competitive Sports at an Early Age? Many American parents struggle to answer the puzzling question of what the appropriate age children should start to participate in competitive sports. A subject like this is puzzling because there are many issues that must be addressed, because it is controversial. Some American parents push their children too far, too young. The average American child usually will start to participate actively in competitive sports between the ages of six and twelve and can be unhealthy to a child’s development (CWG 131). The question at what age a child should start, has a different answer for each individual child. Parents often fail to realize that their child may not be physically ready for competitive sports, even though the child is ready. I believe that a child should participate in sports only if he is wanting too participate and is not pushed by their parents. Every parent has a different way of looking at, if their child is ready to start. If a six year little boy wanted to start playing football, the child may not be fully capable of handling such strength and tension that might cause a life long injury (Koppett 294). Some parents may think he is ready, but is probably not. Determining whether or not a child is ready for competitiv! e sports can sometimes be difficult to answer, because to determine if they are ready a child must be mentally ready also. Sports not only take physical strength, but a child must have psychological capacity to get them through such strenuous activity. A child may sometimes become scared when participating in sports. For example, A mother of an eight-year-old Peewee Football player explained, "The kids get so scared. They get hit once and they don’t want anything to do with football anymore. They’ll sit on the bench and pretend their leg hurts†¦"(qtd. In Tosched A32). This quote is a true statement because if a six-year-old child is playing peewee football with an eight-year-old, the eight-year old is a lot bigger that the six year old is and he could cause physical hurt to the six-year-olds tiny body. The psychological part of the story would be that the child would be so scared that he might get hurt which causes physical hurt as well as mental hurt and may scar the ! child for the rest of their life, when that child could of been the next pro- football player of the next century.

Duck and Cover Essay

Duck and Cover The society we live in today is so different than that of World War II. In that era the biggest threat of destroying society was the atomic bomb. In these times of today we face so many different threats of terrorism from other countries and from within our own cities. Even more than just terrorism, today’s society faces some many threats from within itself, such as Ganges in the inner cities, to the fall of inner city government through the influence from the sales of illegal drugs. The survival of a nuclear act was and all ways will be one of society’s main concerns. The atomic boom was the center of fear because, the technology had just been discovered and other countries had the technology in their hands as will. The U.S. had no real protection for the people from being acted by other countries, for the most part it was a wait and see game played with the threats between two countries. It seem to have such an impact on the people of that time it changed their life styles, from saving money for the further too the build and stocking boom shelters in their back yards. Comparing the threat nuclear war to the threat of terrorism today is different in many was in that terrorism has many different faces. Today’s terrorism comes not only from other countries but also comes from within the U.S. from some of our own people. Like the students of World War II, the students of today are still being taught to duck and cover, not for the fear of a boom but for the fear of a fellow student are someone with a cause, coming into the class and shooting it up. Technology has grown so much society of today really has no fear from other countries but more from the terrorism within the U.S†¦ For some children of today duck and cover is practice in their own homes trying to stay safe from the threat, right outside of their own front door.

Turn Baking Soda Into Washing Soda

These are easy instructions for making sodium carbonate, also known as washing soda or soda ash, from baking soda or sodium bicarbonate. Make Sodium Carbonate Sodium bicarbonate is CHNaO3, while sodium carbonate is Na2CO3. Simply heat baking soda or sodium bicarbonate in a 200 F oven for about an hour. Carbon dioxide and water will be given off, leaving dry sodium carbonate. This is the soda ash. The chemical reaction for the process is: 2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2CO3(s) CO2(g) H2O(g) The compound will readily absorb water, forming the hydrate (returning to baking soda). You can store the dry sodium carbonate in a sealed container or with a desiccant to keep it dry or allow it to form the hydrate, as desired. While sodium carbonate is fairly stable, it slowly decomposes in dry air to form sodium oxide and carbon dioxide. The decomposition reaction can be accelerated by heating the washing soda to  851 C (1124 K). Key Takeaways: Baking and Washing Soda Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and sodium carbonate (washing soda) are similar molecules. The difference is  how much water is incorporated into the molecule.If you bake baking soda, it decomposes to form washing soda, releasing carbon dioxide and water.Over time, washing soda decomposes for form sodium oxide, releasing carbon dioxide. Warmer conditions speed the decomposition process. Uses for Washing Soda Washing soda is a good all-purpose cleaner. Its high alkalinity helps it cut grease, soften water, and disinfect surfaces. Keep in mind, sodium carbonate solution irritates the skin and can produce chemical burns in pure form. Wear gloves when using it! Sodium carbonate is used to adjust swimming pool pH, prevent caking in foods, and as a treatment for ringworm and eczema. Its also used on a commercial scale for making glass and paper products.